Located high on the southwestern slopes of Mount Agung, Bali’s tallest volcano, Besakih Temple is not only the largest and holiest temple complex on the island, but it is also often referred to as the “Mother Temple” of Bali. This sacred site holds immense religious, historical, and cultural significance, drawing visitors from around the world. This article will delve into the rich history, architecture, religious importance, and visitor experience of Besakih Temple, offering a comprehensive guide to one of Bali’s most revered landmarks.
Historical Background of Besakih temple
The origins of Besakih Temple can be traced back over a thousand years. The temple complex is believed to have been established in the 8th century by a Hindu sage named Rsi Markandeya. According to legend, Rsi Markandeya, while meditating on the slopes of Mount Agung, received a divine revelation to establish a sanctuary at this very location. The temple’s name, Besakih, is derived from the ancient Balinese word “Basuki,” which means salvation.
Throughout the centuries, Besakih Temple has undergone various stages of construction and renovation, evolving into a sprawling complex of 23 separate temples. The temple complex has withstood natural disasters, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, most notably the catastrophic eruption of Mount Agung in 1963, which miraculously spared the temple from destruction.
What Makes Besakih Temple Unique
Besakih Temple is a stunning example of traditional Balinese architecture. The complex is situated at an altitude of around 1,000 meters above sea level, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes. The layout of the temple complex is symbolic, representing the Balinese concept of the cosmos.
The central part of the complex is Pura Penataran Agung, the main temple, which consists of six levels, each connected by staircases. The main shrine, Meru, a multi-tiered pagoda, stands majestically at the highest level, symbolizing the sacred Mount Meru in Hindu mythology. The temple’s design incorporates intricate carvings, ornate gates (known as Candi Bentar), and statues of deities, all crafted with meticulous detail.
Each of the 23 temples within the complex has its unique significance and architectural style. For instance, Pura Batu Madeg is dedicated to the god Vishnu, while Pura Kiduling Kreteg is devoted to the god Brahma. The entire complex is surrounded by lush gardens, adding to the serene and spiritual ambiance.
Religious Significance of The Temple
Besakih Temple holds significant importance in Balinese Hinduism. It is considered the main temple for the island’s Hindu community and serves as the spiritual center for all ceremonies and rituals. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu trinity, with shrines devoted to Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer).
The temple complex hosts numerous ceremonies and festivals throughout the year, the most significant being the annual Eka Dasa Rudra, held once every 100 years. This grand ceremony is aimed at purifying and balancing the universe, attracting thousands of pilgrims and visitors. Another notable event is the Odalan ceremony, which marks the temple’s anniversary according to the Balinese calendar and is celebrated with colorful processions, music, dance, and elaborate offerings.
Visiting Besakih Temple offers a unique opportunity to witness these age-old traditions and gain insight into Balinese spiritual life. The temple complex is not just a place of worship but also a center for cultural preservation, where ancient rituals and practices are meticulously maintained.
Visitor Experience in Besakih Temple
For those planning a visit to Besakih Temple, it’s essential to be aware of certain cultural norms and guidelines. The temple is a sacred site, and visitors are expected to dress modestly. Sarongs are usually provided at the entrance for those who do not have appropriate attire.
The journey to Besakih Temple is an adventure in itself. Located about 60 kilometers from Bali’s capital, Denpasar, the drive takes you through picturesque countryside, traditional villages, and terraced rice fields. Upon arrival, the majestic sight of the temple complex set against the backdrop of Mount Agung is truly awe-inspiring.
Guided tours are available and highly recommended, as they provide valuable insights into the history, architecture, and religious significance of the temple. Knowledgeable guides can also explain the symbolism behind the various structures and rituals, enhancing the overall experience.
As you explore the temple complex, take your time to appreciate the intricate details of the carvings and statues, and soak in the peaceful atmosphere. The upper levels of the main temple offer panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, making it a perfect spot for reflection and meditation.
Practical Tips For Your Visit to The Temple
Temple Opening Hours
Besakih Temple is open to visitors daily from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. The best time to visit is during the early morning or late afternoon when the temple is less crowded, and the lighting is ideal for photography. Admission fees apply, and contributions are appreciated to help maintain the temple.
Hire a Guide
It is advisable to hire a local guide or join a tour to navigate the temple complex effectively and gain deeper insights. Additionally, it’s important to respect the local customs and traditions. Photography is generally allowed, but it’s courteous to ask for permission before taking pictures of ceremonies or local worshippers.
Besakih Temple is more than just a tourist attraction; it is a living testament to Bali’s rich cultural heritage and spiritual traditions. The temple’s majestic architecture, historical significance, and profound religious importance make it a must-visit destination for anyone seeking to understand the essence of Balinese culture.
Frequently Asked Questions about Besakih Temple
1. Is there an entrance fee for Besakih Temple?
Yes, there is an entrance fee to visit Besakih Temple. As of now, the fee is approximately IDR 150.000 per person or about 10 USD. This fee usually includes the use of a sarong which are required for all visitors. It is also recommended to bring some extra cash for donations or offerings.
2. Are there any restrictions for visiting the inner sanctums of the temple?
Yes, certain areas of Besakih Temple, especially the inner sanctums, are restricted to worshippers only. Visitors are not allowed to enter these sacred spaces but can observe from a distance. It’s important to respect these restrictions and avoid disrupting any ongoing ceremonies or rituals.
3. How physically demanding is the visit to Besakih Temple?
Visiting Besakih Temple can be moderately physically demanding, as the complex is spread over a large area with multiple levels and staircases. Comfortable walking shoes are recommended, and visitors should be prepared for some uphill walking. If you have mobility issues, you might want to take your time and rest as needed.
4. Can I hire a guide at the temple, and how much does it cost?
Yes, you can hire a local guide at Besakih Temple. Guides are usually available at the entrance and offer valuable insights into the history, architecture, and cultural significance of the temple complex. The cost of hiring a guide can vary, typically ranging from IDR 100,000 to IDR 200,000, depending on the duration and depth of the tour. It’s advisable to agree on the price beforehand and ensure the guide speaks a language you are comfortable speaking in.
